
:-:^- 



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POMONA 



Illust-r-al:-edar)d Dcser-ibed 




POVAO'H^. lOlHN C-\'\ROH n,HO\ltS, 

\N\TH THt OttP OftNUCxt OAO^\UG> THP.OViG.H IHt GRi^.U 



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pri'.LisHKn r.v jhe 



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oiT)0na [fai^d and WatcF- Go. 



F. L. PALMER, Treasurer. 

PO.VIONA. CAL. 







d'TPHE tracts of this Company are offered in subdivisions of 
^^^ ten, twenty, and forty acres with water right of ONE 
INCH OF WATER TO TEN ACRES OK LAND. 
Water is conveyed in 

CONCRETE PIPES 

Of ample size and capacit}- to a point convenient for irriga- 
tion. 



¥ e P m S. 

One-third cash; one-third in one year; the remaining one- 
third in two yLars. Interest on unpaid sums at tlie rate of 
eight per cent, per annum. 

Distance from Los Angeles, 30 miles. Three passenger 
trains daily. 

For i^rices, maps, etc., address, 

POMONA LAND AND WATER CO., 
F. L. Palmer, Treasurer, 

Po.MoxA, California. 
^^All inquiries and correspondence promptlj^ acknowledged. 



SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 



POMONA 



ILLUSTRATED and DESCRIBED, 



' POMONA, to thy citron groves, 

To where the lemon and piercing lime 
With the deep orange glowing through the green, 
Their lighter glories blend." 




PUBLISHED BY THE 
POMONA LAND AND WATER COMPANY, 

F. L. Palmer, Trkasuker. Pomona, Cal, 
1885. 



mi 



PACIFIC PRESS PUBLISHING HOUSE, 

Printers, Engravbrs, Electro- 

typers, and binders, 

Oakland, California, ) ( San Francisco, 
Cor. 1 2th and Castro Sts. (" ) 529 Commercial Street. 



yj 



t,' /• 



INTRODUCTION 



" If thou hast tytith to utter! 
Speak it boldly, speak it all." 

The following pages are descriptive of a valley and section, of 
which an enthusiastic visitor said in an impassioned manner, " It's 
the Lord's own country ! " This praise is more emphatic when the 
reader is told that its author is a millionaire, surrounded by all the 
luxuries that wealth can secure, and residing upon the most beauti- 
fully maintained estate in California, upon the occasion of his first 
visit to the Pomona Valley. 

The writer has purposely aimed to write plainly, dispassionately, 
without any attempt to arouse enthusiasm which will be considered 
belonging to an interested notice, but requests from all readers con- 
siderate perusal, as a truthful statement of facts. The " clippings " 
are contemporaneous evidence of the esteem and confidence in the 
section, and in the Company publishing this pamphlet, but, as Will 
be seen, are written in a more popular style, yet by persons many of 
whom have no interests to subserve in their publication. 

The illustrations are all from photographs taken in the month of 
November, 1884, and correctly represent the various scenes and 
views shown. 

To persons contemplating removal to Southern California, or 
desiring ch"ange of residence for reasons of health or business, this 
pamphlet is presented for consideration. 



INDEX 



Page. 
iNTRODUCxioN 3 

Pomona Valley — Location and Surroundinj^s 5 

Climate 7 

Fertility and Productiveness of the Soil 8 

Society and Social Attractions 1 1 

Schools 13 

Water 15 

Growth and Progress of the Town 17 

The Pomona Land and Water Company 19 

Southern'California as a Health Resort 25 

A Growing Settlement 28 

Pomona 29 

Pomona in 1875 3^ 

A Natural Sanitarium 33 

Our Valley 34 

I^acts 35 

Substantial Work 36 

Profits of Fruit-Growing 38 

Profits of Fruit Land 39 

An Orange Grove 39 

Peculiarities of the C'ountry 40 

Mean Temperature at Los Angeles 42 



mMOIlM \?il[i[iEY. 



Location and Su-rroondings. 



"It is a goodly sight to see 
What Heaven hath done for this delicious land." — Byron. 

\ I /he village of Pomona is located in the eastern portion of Los 
'SJ^is Angeles County, California, distant by rail thirty-three miles 
from the city of Los Angeles, and fifty miles from the Pacific Ocean 
eastward, and thirty miles northward. The Sierra Madre range of 
mountains — average elevation of 9,000 feet above the sea, with snow- 
capped peaks — are distant six miles north, and Mt. San Bernardino 
(height 11,000 feet) and Mt. San Jacinto — about the same height — 
forty and fifty miles eastward. The lower range, called the San Jose 
Hills, midway between the Sierra Madre Range and the ocean, termi- 
nate at the village, and the great valley widens at this point to twen- 
ty-five and thirty miles. 

Thus these high mountain ranges protect this valley equally from 
harsh sea winds, and the unpleasant dry winds and sand-storms of 
the deserts. The altitude of the village is 860 feet above the sea, 
the valley rising gradually to 2,000 feet at the foot of the mountains. 
This immediate locality bears a similar relation to the mountains and 
the ocean as the celebrated health resorts of Mentone and Nice. 

This valley is believed to be one of the mildest and healthiest in 
Southern California — free from ocean dampness or desert heats. 
The Southern Pacific Railroad, main line from San Francisco to New 
Orleans and all points south and east, runs through the village, and 
its depots are within one block of the business center of the town. 
Daily trains — express and accommodation, passenger and freight — 
stop at this station, the most important in amount of business south 
of Los Angeles, and all facilities of railroad transportation and ship- 
ment are furnished. 



Pomona. 



Climate. 



"Seeking ;<fter that sweet pollen clime. " — Wm. Blake, 

^TTTENTION is requested to the report of physicians upon the 
li)X. climate of Southern California, on page 25, for the general char- 
acteristics of the climate of the country. To all of this is to be 
added, as to this particular locality, that, from its peculiar position, it 
is free from the occasional disagreeable winds, cold, dry, and desic- 
cating, experienced elsewhere; and, from its distance from the ocean, 
it receives the trade-winds of the summer months so modified and 
tempered by passage over the inland valleys intervening as to be a 
source of comfort and pleasure, relieving the heat of mid-day of inten- 
sity, and giving cool, bracing nights for refreshing sleep. All bron- 
chial, asthmatic, and catarrhal complaints are greatly alleviated in 
this climate, while in many instances acute affections of rheumatism,, 
neuralgia, and nervous disorders have been greatly relieved. To the 
consumptive, the moderate elevation and inland position is a guar- 
anty of prolonged life by the inspiration of gentle breezes, pure air, 
and softened atmosphere. 

Frost is rare, except on the lowlands, and the thermometer in the 
warmest days of the summer months usually ranges from 80° to 90° 
and rarely goes above 100°. The days of extreme heat during the 
year are few in number, and no protracted heated terms are expe- 
rienced. The nights are uniformly cool, often, even in summer 
months, requiring blankets for comfort for the invalid, and yet re- 
quiring no more in the cooler nights of mid-winter. The air is ex- 
hilarating and invigorating, and no discomfort is felt in daily labor 
either from the cold of winter or the heat of summer. 

Malaria is unknown, and no disease is so firmly seated as to be 
considered peculiar to the locality or valley. This assertion can be 
verified by the hundreds of families who have already settled here, 
and are the embodiment of physical health and robust manhood. 
No place or locality can justly claim superiority of this valley as a 
Sanitarium. 



Pomona Illustrated and Described. 



fertility and Prodtactiveness of * 
ttie Soil. 



Where grows? Where grows it not? If vain our toil. 
We ought to blame the culture, not the soil."— /V/f. 

\ I /he fruits of Southern California are known world-wide. The 
<23X^ combination of rich, mellow soil, well watered, and ^sunny, 
balmy atmosphere, can produce nothing less than the most delight- 
ful, luscious fruits of all kinds, and of some -notably the citrus and 
semi-tropical — of superior excellence. 

All deciduous fruits are and have been grown here with the great- 
est success. The berries and small fruits are of the earliest; while 
the orange and lemon grow luxuriantly, and the fruit commands as 
high prices as any in the market. The upper lands are especially 
adapted to the culture of these fruits as well as the fig, olive, and all 
semi-tropical fruits. 

Next to the culture of fruit, the most important is the vine — many 
thousands of various varieties being already in successful bearing. 
Some vineyards are nearly forty years old, and, although of a variety 
not now in so great favor as others, are still remuneratively product- 
ive. The varieties of vines set during the past few years embrace 
all experimental and practical successes elsewhere, and demonstrate 
in every case that all may be su( cessfully grown here. Many viticult- 
urists produce raisins of a superior quality, and the number of vines 
of the best raisin varieties set the past two years is very great. Next 
to the wine grape the raisin is the important product of the valley. 

The rapidity with which the vine comes to bearing has lately been 
illustrated upon ten acres which were jjut into vines. 

In May, 1883, the land was set with dry cuttings; it received two 
irrigations, and in November, 1884, the owner had the pleasure 
of eating a bunch of raisins, the yield of the vines in nineteen 
months from the time of setting. 

The olive grows luxuriantly and beautifully on seemingly waste 
lands. The enormous profits of olive culture are almost incredible, 
and invite the general cultivation of this beautifuUree and profitable 
fruit in this locality. Many hundreds of olive trees are annually set, 
and in a few years this must become a |)rominent center for the mar- 
ket of olive products. 



Pomona. 

All of the fruits raised in T.os Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Bar- 
bara, San Diego, Riverside, or other places in Southern California, 
have by actual experience been equaled here, so that none of these 
places can claim a superiority in this regard. While fruit raising is 
the most attractive, and, in many respects, pleasant occupation here, 
the land can be put to the use of ordinary farming, producing all 











^^i^^ 






<^^ 




AN OLIVE BRANCH. 



grains, hay, and dairy produce that are grown in California. For more 
than thirty years general farming has been followed in certain sections 
of the valley with remunerative results, and the shipments of wheat 
and barley from this railroad station to points in Arizona and the 
Territories of the Southeast is very great. 

Tobacco is successfully grown and cured, and its culture is likely at 
no distant day to become an important industry. Cotton has been 
grown experimentally with success, without irrigation, and demon- 



Pomona Illustrated and Described. 



strated possible. 'I'his may also become an imi)ortant addition to the 
present resources of Pomona. Dairy products command a good 
market, both eastward and westward, with good prices. By the culti- 
vation of alfalfLi, with monthly crops, this is a profitable employment. 
The soil is generally of sandy, gravelly loam, very deep, easily cleared 
and cultivated, and very productive. Nearer the mountains it is more 
gravelly and stony, but of equal fertility. From its composition, and 
admirable drainage, no fear of malarial diseases is to be feared from 
irrigation, as in soils of heavier texture and clayey formation. 

Most of the tracts are gently sloping, and require but little grad- 
ing, and in none are there steep ravines or heavy filling. There is a 
wide range of selection from the various tracts of the company, but 
no plats, or localities where the vine and olive will not grow abun 
dantly. 



.tM^*^%'^>^iCv 








PF.PPKK IKl-1., A. k. Ml.SKRVK'S PLACK, POMONA 



Pomona, 



Societv fcirid Sociral Attractions. 



" Man in society is like a flower 
Blown in its native l)ed; 'tis there alone 
His faculties, expanded in fidl bloom, 
Shine out; there only reach their proper use."— Co7<//«-r. 

RIDE throui^li the streets of the village, or along the many roads 
traversing the country in every direction, will disclose many cozy, 
comfortable homes dotting the plain. Houses, many of which are nei- 
ther large nor costly, yet plainly show the refinement of true comfort, 
and adaptation to the wants of the owners. The mild, open winters, 
and consequent freedom from cold, do not require as expensive houses 
as in Eastern or Northern climates, therefore the house is open, cheery 
and home-like in its appointments, nmny with broad verandas for the 
open air life of the occupants during most of the days of the year; and 
yet the individuality of the owner is as plainly seen in the architecture 
and plan of the modest home as the more pretentious building of the 
city or in older communities; for these quiet homes are surrounded 
by groves of trees, many of them evergreen — rows of vines extending 
almost as far as the eye can reach — with roses and flowers from the 
road-side to and surrounding the house, the whole truthfully impress- 
ing the stranger with the air of home-like comfort and cheerfulness 
everywhere prevailing. 

Under circumstances of universal comfort and prosperity, it is nat- 
ural that neighbors should form close ties of friendship, sympathy with 
others of the same belief —religious or social — should culminate in 
warm ties of association, and the many activities of social life here find 
abundant freedom and scope. In the village there are already seven 
church organizations and societies, most of them with their own houses 
of worship. A prosperous Young Men's Christian Association, 
Masonic and Odd Fellows' Lodges, with several of the Beneficial Co- 
operative Insurance Societies. 

In addition to this the good roads upon all sides render possible 
the enjoyment of a quiet circle of acquaintance or the activity of the 
societies above named, as well as the usual social life of a village 
of 1,500 inhabitants. The proximity and accessibility of the larger 
cities of Los Angeles and San Bernardino also furnish opportunity 



Pomona. 



13 



of enjoyment of pleasures and gayeties of a metropolitan city, at 
little cost and trouble. The universal content and cheerfulness of 
all of the people in Southern California is observed by all new-comers 
and tourists; the hospitality is as marked as in any part of California 
or the West. 

Schools. 



VT7hesc 

e)X^ suppl 



school districts in the country surrounding Pomona are well 
)lied with commodious, convenient and pretty school-houses; 
the grounds are well kei)t and reflect credit u[)on trustees, teachers and 
pupils. The schools are well officered with exi)erienced teachers, 
graded, and the work fully up to the reciuirements of the County 




CEXTRAL SCHOOr,, POMONA. 

Board of Education. Three new school-houses have been built 
within the last year, the district almost unanimously voting the cost, 
$10,000. 

These houses are conveniently located, so that at no point is the 
distance to the school too great for even the youngest children. 
Already a Kindergarten has been established as a private enterjjrise, 
and private schools and classes for higher study are well patronized. 
The public feeling is well abreast with the times in the demand for 
the best educational work. 



Pomona. 1 5 



Water- 

" Fresh from the fuiwitain, 
Sleeping in crystal wells, 
Leaping in shady dells, 
Or issuing clear from the womb of the mountain." — Coles. 

\T7 HERE are three sources of water for irrigation of the valley, each 
■* abundant in itself, the whole furnishing an amount equal to 
the demands of a large population. 

SAN ANTONIO CANON. 

One-half of the water flowing in this canon is conducted in large 
concrete pipes a distance of three and one-half miles to the point of 
distribution. This supply, already very great, will be increased, as de- 
manded, by development of subterranean streams in the canon, and 
storage reservoirs, the sites of which have been secured. 

CIENEGAS. 

Numerous cienegas encircle the valley, fed by subterranean streams 
from the high mountains. This source of supply is yet to be fully 
developed, as no occasion has arisen to demand an increa.->ed supply. 

ARTESIAN WELLS. 

There are in this valley some of the finest flowing wells upon the 
continent, some of which have given an undiminished flow for nearly 
ten years. The cut presented herewith shows two wells of a cluster 
of twelve, and indicates the appearance of such wells when unre- 
strained. These cuts are from photographs of existing wells, and not 
exaggerated. There are now flowing in the Pomona Valley, thirty - 
three wells, twenty-eight of which are owned by the Pomona Land and 
Water Company, who are extending their works at different points 
and increasing the number. 

These waters are alike free from alkaline, saline, or mineral taint, 
and deliciously cool and invigorating. Water is conveyed from the 
various sources to the points of distribution in pipes, without loss from 
evaporation or seepage. The perpetual right to use water for irriga- 
tion is sold with the land, in proportion of one inch of water to ten 
acres of land, which experience has demonstrated to be quite suffi- 
cient for these lands; and there are many owners of improved farms 
and orchards who do not use water for irrigation, although owning 
the usual water right. 



Pomona. 



I? 



Growth, aod l^rogress of tine 
"l^owii. 



"Her structures rise 
As from the strokes of the enchanter's wand." — i>j'n'«. 

HE village of Pomona has made the most rapid progress of any 
^' in Southern California. Only two years ago the entire popula- 
tion in and adjacent to the village did not exceed 250 persons, while 
now the estimates of its population are from 1,500 to 2,000 in the 
village, and an equal number in the country immediately surrounding. 
During this time buildings have increased in number and cost, several 




PALMER BLOCK. 



brick blocks having been built during the year 1884. All branches 
of business are represented, and manufacturing has begun. It is 
now the second town in population and business importance in Los 
Angeles County. It is fair to predict a population of not less than 
5,000, in the village alone, within the next three years at latest. 

On every side are evidences of industrial activity, in new erections, 
improvement of new places in anticipation of future occupation, laying 
out of streets, and improvement of the nublic places. A park cf two 



i8 



Pomona Illustrated afid Described. 



and one-half acres in the center of the town will soon be a most 
attractive feature, reflecting the public spirit of the citizens. Trees 
are now being planted upon the lines of streets which in a few years 
will embower the adjacent places in refreshing shade. Hedges are 
planted instead of the plain and ugly fence, making an evergreen set- 
ting to the beautiful homes and gardens within. Warehouses, mills, 
churches and school-houses are prominent features in the views of 
the village, taken from any elevated position. Lots and blocks, already 




lPAClflCypfS> ,OAKH>.p-M 



METHODIST CHURCH, POMONA. 

purchased, are now being laid out, and set with trees, vines, and 
flowers, and in a few years Pomona will be seen as a village nestling 
in complete shade and foliage of ornamental and fruit trees, and 
will certainly take front rank with the beautiful villages of the State. 
A Rural Imjjrovement Association has been organized and is now act- 
ively employed in furthering and assisting the work of village adorn- 
ment and improvement. Hotels for families and travelers are about 
to be built, which will make this a popular resort for persons seeking a 
mild climate. 

A winery is now in full operation, and a cannery will be established 
in the near future. A commission firm is now exporting the fruits of 
the valley in attractive forms and packages, and the reputation of Po- 
mona Valley products is already established in the Eastern markets. 



Pomona. 



19 



The Pomona Land and Water 
Conn.pan.y- 



I IS ORCJANIZATION, AIMS, WORK, AND SUCCESS. 



" Deeds, not words." — Beaumont. 
" Whatever is wortli doin^ at all, is worth doing well." — Chesterfield. 

\ I / H E Pomona Land and Water Company is a corporation organ- 
*^X^' ized under the laws of the State of Cahfornia, with its office in 
San Francisco for the purpose of developing water and sale of the 
lands in the Pomona Valley. Originally owning nearly 1 2,000 acres 
of land, it has already sold over 3,000, besides prosecuting the work 
of developing and distributing water over its various tracts. This 
work has been nearly completed as to the tracts lying contiguous to 
the village of Pomona, and the thorough and complete work there 
done is the best evidence of the purposes of the company, as well 
as guaranty that their plans will be executed. 

Upon other pages are presented views of some of the works of the 
company, as seen during the progress of actual work. One is the 
" Pipe Camp," where is made all of the concrete pipe used by the 
company on its various lines, under its own suf)ervision and plans, 
guaranteeing a uniform and excellent quality of pipe. The other 
shows the' appliances used, and men at work upon a " well borer" 
— two of which are constantly in use at different points of the valley. 

The company has laid in two years more than 2i2) miles of pipe, 
and are now successfully using the same for the carriage of water 
from the various sources to and distribution upon farms and orch- 
ards of actual owners and occupants. 

Embraced in the water system of the company are the "Village 
Water Works," a system of iron pipes through the streets and fur- 
nishing the inhabitants of the village with water for domestic use. 
The pressure upon these pipes is sufficient to throw water upon the 
roofs of the highest buildings in the village, and is, therefore, of the 
greatest benefit for protection from and extinguishment of fires. Res- 
ervoirs are to be constructed for storage of winter rains and waste 
water; cienegas to be opened and water ways built; flumes and 



\i5|!l 




I'oniona. 2 1 

conduits bnilt for waters from the mountains, main lines of pipes for 
tracts not yet jjlattcd and sold; artesian wells to be bored, and their 
flows conducted to distributing [joints, and roads opened, graded and 
planted with shade trees. 'I'hus the work of the company is far from 
completion; but what has been done, shown in its completed work, is 
a guaranty that all future operations will be ecjually substantial and 
thorough. Its outlays for labor and materials have been over $200,000, 
and continue upon the scale of $100,000 per annum, all of which 
is expended in the village, and adds much to the mercantile and indus- 
trial interests of the vicinity. The lands of the company comprise all 
grades, and are offered for sale upon a scale in accordance with their 
value, the prices ranging from $75.00 to $150 per acre, with a water 
right of one inch of water to each ten acres of land. 




B.APTIST CHURCH, I'OMOXA 

After the lands are sold, and water developed and distributed 
('hereon, the company will relinquish all control of the distribution and 
care of the water to the land owners, who thenceforth a.ssunie all 
ownership and control, to be managed as they shall decide, each hav- 
ing a proportionate representation in the meetings, as his area of land 
will entitle him. This is believed to be the most fair and just dispo- 
sition in vogue of the future ownership of the water, as, after having 
disposed of the land, the right to the control of the water should 
pass to the respective successors, to wit, purchasers, in ecjuitable and 
re|)resentative pro[)ortion. 

The company avoids all bombastic eulogy of itself, and exaggerated 
promises of future works to be performed, or excessive i)riccs of its 



Pomona. 



23 



lands, but points the intending purchaser to what has already been 
done, with the assurance that its [)lans contemplate equally complete 
works for the tracts yet to be offered for sale. 

Lands will not be offered for sale in advance of sufficient water, 
already developed :\.\\6. in the company's works, sothatno fearneed exist 
of ample water su])})ly. 

For the profits of fruit culture, the company refers to the agricult- 
ural and horticultural papers of California, merely assuring intend- 
ing purchasers that all of the favorable conditions required for suc- 
cessful fruit culture, and good transportation facilities, and that any 
and all of the advantages presented by other towns of Southern 
California exist and are to be found at Pomona. 

" Lest men suspect your tale untrue,'' see for yourself. Make 
personal inspection of lands, water-works, village, and all points of 
interest in the valley, and the universal verdict will be with Shakes- 
peare, 

"An honest tale speeds best, being plainly told." 




CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 



Pomona. 25 



Soutlnern California as a Healtti 

Resort. 



[Report of a Committee of the Los Angeles County Medical Association, J. P. Wiclney, 
M. D., H. S. Orme, M. D., and Geo. W. Lasher, M. D.] 

'HILE the climate of the whole State has many features in com- 
mon, as the wet and dry seasons, instead of the Eastern winter 
and summer, and the prevalence during the summer or dry months 
of the great northwest trade-winds, sweeping steadily from the sea 
over the land, yet there are many points of divergence in different 
localities. This difference in climate is especially marked between 
Northern and Southern California. The mountain ranges and val- 
leys of all the northern portion of the State have a general north- 
westerly trend, leaving the country open to the harsh sweep of the 
north winds. 

In Southern California, however, the trend of both mountains and 
valleys is from east to west, and the high Sierra, like a wall, shelters 
the land from these cold, northerly currents. The result is a climate 
much milder and more equable than in the upper portion of the State. 

It might be supposed that the country, lying in the same latitude 
as the Carolinas, would have the same oppressive and debilitating 
summer heat. From this it is saved, however, by the tempered west- 
erly trade-wind, which daily blows inward to the land, bringing with 
it the coolness of the sea. There is a peculiar stimulus to this air 
coming in from the thousands of miles of salt water. 

One has to live by the sea to understand it. The key to the cli- 
mate lies in this, that it has a warm sun and a cool air; hence the cool 
nights. One picks ripening figs and bananas grown in his own door- 
yard, and then goes to sleep under a blanket. The warm, yet not 
debilitating day furnishes one of the requisites in a climate for invalids; 
the cool, restful night, with its possibility of refreshing sleep, fur- 
nishes the other. The (question is asked daily in letters from the East, 
what diseases and what classes of invalids may hope for benefit in 
coming to Southern California. In reply it might be stated : — 

I. Persons of delicate constitution, either inherited or acquired, 
and who resist poorly the extremes of heat or cold; persons who 
need a warm, equable, yet rather bracing climate. 



26 Pomona Jlliistrated and Described. 



2. Persons inheriting consumption, but in whom the disease has 
not yet developed, or only to a slight degree. Many such persons 
seem to throw off the tendency, and remain strong and well. Even 
if parents, coming with the disease, do not in the end recover, their 
children, growing up in this climate, have a strong chance in their 
favor of eliminating the inherited tendency entirely from their blood, 
and casting off the family taint. 

3. Persons well advanced in consumption are often temporarily 
benefited. Such persons should think well, however, before leaving 
the comforts of their own homes and undertaking the fatigue of even 
a week of travel by railroad. It should not be done unless under 
the advice of the family physician; and if they do come they should 
be accompanied by friends. The despondency of loneliness and 
homesickness diminishes greatly the chance of benefit. 

4. Persons suffering from bronchial troubles are often much ben- 
efited. Such cases, however, and indeed many others, too often 
make the mistake of remaining for weeks or months without seeking 
the advice of a physician as to the particular locality suited to their 

A;omplaint. The varieties of climate in Southern California are many. 

I Some portions of the country have nightly a heavy fog ; other por- 

j tions only a few miles away have no fog. Some sections are exposed 

I to strong winds ; others are sheltered. Some are low and damp; 

Vothers high, warm and dry. Often persons go away disappointed, 

possibly the worse, who, had they sought proper advice as to the 

especial locality suited to their complaint, might have received 

much benefit from their sojourn in the country. There are certain 

/precautions also, rendered necessary for invalids by the coming on 

J of the cool night air after the warm day, and by the cool breeze 

/ from the sea, which can only be learned by experience, which to an 

(^invalid is a costly teacher, or from the advice of a physician familiar 

with the climate and the peculiarities of the different localities. 

5. Those coming from malarious sections of the country, with 
systems depressed by the dregs of fever, are especially benefited. It 
is a common custom with the people here to go down to various 
pleasant points upon the sea coast, and camp out for weeks upon the 
beach, enjoying the surf bathing. There are also well furnished and 
well kept hotels at different localities by the sea. This sea-side life 
is especially beneficial to persons suffering from the various com- 
pilations of malarial poisoning. 

6. The open air life which is here possible, and the great variety 



PoinflHii. 27 

of fresh vegetable foods to be had at all seasons, help to [)reak up 
the dyspeptic troubles which make life a burden to so many over- 
worked men. 

7. Many persons suffering from asthma have derived much 
benefit from the climate. The capricious character of the malady — 
no two persons suited by the same surroundings — makes it difficult to 
give advice, in most countries, to the sufferer, because of the limited 
range of elevation and climatic differences from which to choose. 
Here, however, within a circle of a hundred and fifty miles, one may 
find spots beloiv the sea level, at the sea level, or with an elevation of 
ten thousand feet above it; spots with nightly a heavy fog, and spots 
that never know the presence of a fog; places swept by an almost con- 
stant breeze, and others sheltered from all wind; the odors and gases 
of asphaltum and petroleum springs, or the air of the mountain pin- 
eries ; the scent of the orange blossom, or the balsamic odor of the 
plants of the desert. Differences of elevation, which elsewhere one trav- 
els a thousand miles to find, here he finds within a radius of fifty miles. 

8. Some cases of chronic rheumatism are benefited by the cli- 
mate. Certain hot mineral springs and iron-sulphur springs have 
gained quite a reputation in such affections. The climate of the 
coast line, however, has rather too much fog. Such cases do better in 
the portion of the country back from the sea and among the mount- 
ains. There are points along the line of the Southern Pacific Rail- 
road, as it crosses the Colorado desert, where the hot, dry air, both 
night and day, and the warm springs for bathing, offer the very best 
climatic requisites for the relief of such affections. 

9. Chronic kidney and bladder troubles find in the mild climate, 
with its possibility of constant out-door life, and the equable winter and 
summer temperature, the surroundings best suited to at least stay the 
course of the disease. 

10. Cases of nervous prostration, and all the innumerable train 
of tormenting ills that come to an over-taxed or deranged nervous 
system, may hope for relief by a residence in some one of the many 
pleasant spots that dot the land. The warm, clear day tempts to 
the out-door life, and the cool night gives the refreshing sleep so 
needed in this class of maladies. Strangers speak almost invariably of 
the restful slumber of the night. 

In conclusion, there are a number of facts which have an impor- 
tant bearing upon the subject of Southern California as a health resort, 
and yet are not in themselves directly questions of disease. Among 
these may be mentioned exemption from the epidemics of yellow 



28 Pomona Illustrated and Described. 

fever, which visit the Gulf States; ease of access, the country being 
tapped in all directions by branches of the Southern Pacific Railroad; 
it is an agricultural and business center, with business openings for a 
largely increased population; it is the educational center of a large 
scope of territory, with its institutions of learning solidly established; 
it is well supplied with churches, and offers all the advantages of 
the best society; food is abundant, varied and cheap, so that the ex- 
pense of living is not great. 

And finally, it is not across the ocean or upon some foreign shore, 
where the invalid is an alien and a stranger, but within our own land, 
under our own flag, and among our own people. 

A Gro^?virig iSettlemeot. 



Pomona now has seventeen flowing wells that furnish three hundred and 
ninety-five inches of water, with twenty miles of flume and water pipe. That 
result will astonish th^ readers of the Herald 2X a distance, who have no adequate 
idea of the progress of this country in its industrial development. The movement 
is simply gigantic; in every direction from Los Angeles the work of plowing, 
planting, building, sinking wells, drifting tunnels, planting orchards, forests, and 
vineyards, is going forward with tremendous energy. The I'oniona settlement, in 
addition to the three hundred and ninety-five inches of well water, has brought 
1,500 inches of water from the San Antonio Caiion, and from the San Antonio 
cienega eighty-three inches more have been brought out, making over 1,900 inches 
of water brought onto what was a s(|uirrel pasture twelve years ago. Such a de- 
velopment is grand, and shows that the possibilities of Southern California, as 
set forth in the Herald in years that are past, are being seized upon and set forth 
even more rapidly than the prophecies of the Herald indicated. Pomona has one 
six-million gallon reservoir, and will make several more, while Anaheim is build- 
ing one that will hold 420,000,000 gallons. In La Canada, reservoirs are to be 
made and the orchards and vineyards are driving the chaparral to the mountains. 
All the air is musical with the hum of industrial progress. — Los Angeles Herald, 
18S4. 

Thk mean average heat of July, and the mean average cold of January, in the 
principal towns of Southern California, is as follows: — 

COM). iii:ai. 1)11- kkkf.nce. 

I'oniona 52° 68° 16° 

LdS Angeles 52 67 15 

Santa Barbara 52 66 14 

San I Jiego 53 66 13 

San Bernardino 51 70 19 

The daily mean at Pomona for May, June, August, and September, which, 
with July, form the summer months, is respectively 62°, 68°, 69°, and 72°, testi- 
fying that days of extreme heat are not of frequent occurrence. 



Pomona. 



29 



F*omona- 



The Iveadiiig and Prosperotas Section of 
the County. 



[From the Los Angeles Daily Times.] 

'IDWAY between the cities of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, encom- 
passed by picturesque foot-hills, and over which the Cucamonga Mount- 
ains, Old Grayback and San Jacinto, like sentinels, stand guard, is the 
beautiful and fertile section called Pomona, lying in the San Jose Valley. In 
the heart of this section is the town of Pomona. The location of this valley and 
town is just such as, even in a country where one is accustomed to scenic beauty, 
lends somewhat to the constant spell and affords a relief which never fails to 
please. 

The climate has few equals and no superior in Southern California. The 
mountains to the north and northwest shut out the cold winds entirely. The breeze 
from the ocean, thirty miles away, is less moist than near the coast, and is sub- 
dued and softened by sweeping over the intervening warm plains. 

It seems almost incredible that a valley which so recently was comparatively a 
barren waste, with now and then a farm-house and orchard on which to rest the 
eye, should in the short space of less than ten years have developed into the land 
of beautiful homes, orchards, vineyards, and a prosperous, well-built town with 
1,500 inhabitants. Yet such has been the fact, and the observer never fails to 
begin an investigation of the causes leading to such results. The history is so 
brief that it requires only a few moments to glance at it. The possibilities of the 
valley have only just begun to dawn, as the facts amply attest. 

HISTORY OF THE TOWN. 

Though the town was organized in 1875, its early growth was slow. Early in 
the fall of 1882, a little over two years ago, the Pomona Land and Water Com 
pany incorporated for the purpose of developing a small tract of these fertile lands 
and placing them upon the market. The company secured about 12,000 acres of 
the land surrounding and including the town site of Pomona. The land lies on 
each side of the Southern. Pacific Railroad, a distance of seven miles. The town 
was dead and contained less than 150 people. Immediately upon obtaining the 
land the company began to secure rights to the water sources adjacent. Without 
water the land could never hope for more advancement than had marked the 
early history of the town. It took money to secure the water rights and to bring 
the water to the land. The company included several wealthy men and they 
backed their faith in the valley with their wealth. In a short time they owned 
one-half of the water coming down San Antonio Canon, two of the principal 
cienegas, and the artesian belt adjacent to the town. The different sources of 
water are in different locations, giving the power to water a large scope of 
oountrv. 



Pomona. 3 1 

The company sell water rij^hts with their land, which guarantees the purchaser 
an abundant supply during all time. Water being supplied, there was nothing to 
prevent the valley from making rapid strides toward prosperity. The two 
seasons that have since elapsed have been sufficient to convert the plain into a 
veritable garden, and hundreds of new and elegant buildings have been erected. 

POMONA TO-DAY. 

A brief review of the several legitimate businesses of the town, the several 
societies and the transfers of real estate for the past twelve months will best show 
what has been done. 

There are ten grocery and provision stores, three drug stores, one jewelry store, 
two boot and shoe stores, one planing mill, one feed store, one feed mill, two 
banks, three millinery and fancy goods stores, four confectionery and stationery 
stores, two bakeries, five blacksmith shops, two harness shops, two lumber yards, 
two furniture stores, four livery stables, four restaurants, three hotels, five real 
estate offices, four law firms, five physicians, two newspapers. 

The religious societies are in a prosperous condition. The Methodist, Presby- 
terian, Baptist, Christian and Episcopal denominations each have buildings 
erected, some of which are very handsome structures. The Universalists and the 
Methodists, South, have services, but no buildings of their own. 

The fraternal societies are many of them represented by strong and prosperous 
lodges. The Masons have about forty members; the Odd Fellows, thirty-five; 
members of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, forty; the Select Knights of 
A. O. U. W., twenty-five; Knights of Pythias, thirty; Good Templars, si.xty, and 
the Grand Army of the Republic, about thirty members. 

There are four school buildings in the district, representing a value of $25,000 
in buildings and grounds. .Seven teachers are employed, at salaries ranging from 
$80.00 to $120. 

The buildings that have gone up during the past year and those going up now 
are generally of a very substantial character, and many of them good two-story 
blocks. At least 200 buildings have been erected within twelve months, includ- 
ing five large brick blocks. 

The real estate transfers have led in the ratio of increase. Previous to the 
investments of the Land and Water Company there had been but few land sales 
for five years. Since then there have been several hundred. The sales during 
1884 were mostly of small tracts, very few reaching above twenty acres. Those 
purchasing have had in view making for themselves a home, and have at once 
gone to improving. Through the kindness of the real estate dealers of the town 
the Times was able to get a very accurate estimate of the sales for the year. 

The number of sales made was about 290. The sales amounted to about $540,- 
000. Of the 12,000 acres owned by the Land and Water Company, 4,000 have 
been sold in small tracts. Private parties have divided up their ranches and put 
them upon the market, from which many sales have also been made. 

ARTESIAN WELLS. 

The great and important source of water supply in the valley adjacent to 
Pomona has been and will be the artesian wells. There are thirty-five of these 
wells now constantly flowing, and others will be put down as the development 
of the valley renders it necessary. The company have twenty-six wells, with an 



32 Pomona Illustrated and Described. 

aggregate flow of 750 inches of water. Twelve of these wells are on a space of 
less than thirty acies. It has been demonstrated that placing so many wells so 
near together has lessened the pressure but not decreased the flow sufficiently to 
create any apprehension that the water supply will ever fall short of the demand. 
Two of the old wells that have been running for eight years are some distance 
from the group of new wells, and they were not perceptibly affected by the 
numerous tappings. The wells range in depth from 160 to 200 ftei, and pass 
through three artesian flows in that depth. 

Supplementary to the artesian wells and somewhat akin, are the cienegas. 
The flow from these cienegas owned by the company is 200 inches. The flow is 
so constant and regular that no effort lias been made to increase or develop it. 
From the caiion only a portion of the water belonging to this company has been 
developed. The total amount of water now ready for use by this company is 1,270 
inches, sufficient to irrigate 12,700 acres of land. Aside froni this there are nine 
private wells and several cienegas in the colony. There is water enough devel- 
oped to-day to irrigate the entire valley adjacent to the town. 

The town is supplied by a separate system of iron pipes leading from the wells, 
giving the citizens the very best drinking water at almost nominal cost. The 
company has four and one-half miles of piping for town purposes and five and 
one-fifth miles of cement mains for irrigation, besides the various branches lead- 
ing oft" to the individual tracts. 

PROSPECTIVE. 

The coming year promises to be the most fruitful in substantial improvements 
the town has experienced. Although the year 1884 saw 1,345 acres planted in 
trees and 828 acres planted in vines, over 200 new buildings erected, a barren 
plain made to blossom as the rose, the year 1885 bids fair to surpass those 
splendid figures. 

The nurserymen state lliat already large orders for trees and vines have been 
received; that many in the valley will plant twenty and forty acres, while the old 
wheat ranches will many of them be largely planted in trees and vines. A large 
number of buildings will be erected in the country around town, and the brick 
blocks of the town will be doubled in number. 



F*omona in. ISTS. 

T\ MARCH, 1875, iHimber of the Santa Barbara Press contained the fol- 
g^^)^ lowing editorial correspondence concerning Pomona: "During the six 
months of my lecturing on Southern California in the East, last winter, I 
was constantly beset with questions from my audiences, from callers at the hotels, 
and from letters from people who could not attend the lectures or make a per- 
sonal call, asking for reliable information concerning some inland and elevated 
region, on the line of a railroad already built, or soon to be constructed, where 
the land was fertile, the climate warm and dry, and yet tempered by the sea 
breeze, where there would be a (]uick growth with permanent prosperity, and a 
country surrounding the town and tributary to it, large enough to build up a good 
local business and make the people prosperous who had settled there for the sake 
of making permanent homes, and especially where invalids afllicted with catarrh. 



Pomona. 33 

asthma, bronchitis, and weak lungs could find relief, and I was unable to point 
to any one locality coml)ining all these advantages, or even a sulficient number 
of them to satisfy cultivated and moderately wealthy people, who needed a ratlical 
change of climate, tha: it was the very place suited to meet their wants. At last 
I believe I have found the place so much inquired after and longed for by multi- 
tudes of the most estimable people, who have asked me to point it out to them, 
and there are hundreds of attentive readers of the Press who will be grateful for 
the information which I can now give them from my own personal knowledge. 

"About thirty miles almost tlue east of Los Angeles, in a broad valley, or gently 
sloping plain, eight or ten miles wide and twelve or fifteen miles long, with the 
grand Cucamonga Mountains to the northward and a range of undulating hills 
to the southward, on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, nearly midway 
between Los Angeles and San liernardino, is the most perfect sight for a large 
and flourishing inland city, in every way suited to meet the wants of many thou- 
sands of half-sick people who will soon perish in the harsh and rough climate of 
the Northern and Eastern .States, but who would almost immediately recover 
their health and their wonted energy in such a climate as this place affords, and 
there, on this lovely plain, almost environed by mountain scenery, whose grand- 
eur inspires, and whose changeful beauty elevates all who can thus be moved. 
With a sagacity which seems like a providence, certain gentlemen in Los Angeles 
have bought a rare tract of about 6,000 acres, and founded the * Village of the 
Plain,' called Pomona, which is to be populated and become famous for the 
wealth, the intelligence, the freedom, and happiness of its people, within a few 
brief years. 

"The discovery of this lovely place, free from fogs, not too hot in summer nor 
too cold in winter, where the pure and bracing air is freed from the moisture 
always felt so oppressively by the sensitive invalid on the sea-shore, was to me 
like a revelation, and I hasten, as a duty I owe to so many readers of the Press, 
to report the discovery, for there are thousands whom I addressed last year that 
ought to be made acquainted with the existence and bright promise of this vil- 
lage.'" 

A Natural Sanitariiam.. 



aUR valley is exceptionably adapted for the location of a sanitarium. Its 
elevation above sea-level — about one thousand feet — its fine, mild, healthful, 
semi-mountainous climate, its gentle slope toward the noontide sun, and its 
thousand and one other advantages and favorable and attractive features, render 
it naturally one of the finest seats for a great health institution in the world. It 
lies well up above the fog belt; the sea breezes, which are daily wafted across its 
broad and beautiful expanse, are soft and balmy, though refreshing and invig- 
orating; no miasma taints the air; no damp, chilly drafts chill the delicate frame 
of the invalid; no northern desiccating winds sweep the valley, " Old Baldy," and 
the lesser but lofty peaks of the range over which he stands, the supreme and 
everlasting sentinel, deflecting the southern trend of these winds to the Cajon 
Pass, and thence along the great valley of the Santa Ana. The gradual though 
very perceptible slope of the land to the south affords excellent drainage, which 
is no small factor to be sought for in a health location. The scenery is of the 



54 . Pomona Illustrated arid Described. 

grandest as well as the most beautiful in the world — beauty and grandeur, as 
it were, combined in one sweep of the vision. The lofty Sierra Madre Range 
north of us presents some of the most strikingly sublime scenery to be found on 
the continent, while the immense plain, stretching away to the southward, 
diversified by rolling, grass-covered hills and lesser mountain ranges, orange 
groves, orchards and vineyards, and attractive homes around which perpetual 
flowers bloom, is a prospect which gives a thrill of new life to the invalid, starts 
the sluggish current onward with fresh vigor, and paints a blush of returning 
health on the faded cheek. The day is not far hence when this eminently suited 
location will be utilized for the Ijenefit of the thousands who will come hence 
seeking health. Those who have a tendency to pulmonic, bronchial, catarrhal, 
or asthmatic affections, or those otherwise in delicate health, would do well to 
avail themselves of this great natural sanitarium, whose atmosphere is as pure 
as the breath of innocence, a.id whose zephyrs bear healing upon their wings. — 
Tunes-Couric7-. 

Our Valley. 



" Fair as the garden of Hesperides— 

Is the bright vale our snow-crowned mountains bound: 
For fruit more luscious, or more gorgeous flowers, 
Vainly you'd seek the circling world around." 

rF there is one place in California more beautiful than all the rest, and better 
adapted as a home for the invalid, that place is on the high mesa lands at the 
foot of the .Sierra Madre Range of mountains extending from the Mission San 
Gabriel eastward unto -San Bernardino County. Pomona is situated in the center 
of this belt at a point less frequently visited by frosts and dust-storms than any 
other locality in the county. The beauty of the location has no parallel, and the 
grandeur of the scenery cannot be excelletl. This vast am]3itheater is bounded 
on the north by the Sierra Madre Range; the highest peak, "Old Baldy," is 
directly north of the town, and rises to a height of over 10,000 feet. His rugged, 
rock-ribbed sides bear evidence of a thousand storms, and his summit is seem- 
ingly crowned with perpetual snow. He stands like a huge grizzled sentinel, 
and with his lesser associates guards the beautiful vale at his feet from the des- 
iccating winds of the desert. Forty miles away to the east "Old G ray back " 
rears his head to the sky, and is the first to greet the rising sun, whose glancing 
rays paint his snowy crown with vermillion hues. Sixty miles away, in plain 
view from Pomona, and standing apparently cheek by jowl with " Old Gray- 
back," is Mount San Jacinto, none the less grand and inspiring because less 
lofty than others, and the two of wjiich guard the San Gorgonio Pass, through 
which the Southern Pacific Railroad wends its way eastward. .Southward, 
twenty-five miles away, the Temescal Range, with undulating chains and ridges, 
bounds the vision, while immediately to the west a range of low grass and flower- 
bedecked hills aflords variety to the scenery, and breaks the force and modulates 
the temperature of the coast breezes. The valley has a gentle slope to the south 
and southwest, facing the noonday sun, thus rendering it specially adapted to 
fruit-culture, which is destined to engage the attention of most of its citizens. 
The altitude of this vast inland valley is about 900 feet above the sea-level; fogs 



Pomona. 



35 



are rare visitors; the air is dry, balmy, and invigorating. In fact, nature seems 
to have bestowed upon this her very choicest gifts, and marked it as a great 
Sanitarium, 

" And ohi the balmy air, 'tis bliss to breathe, 

As through the mountain gap steals the fresh breezes, 
Tempering the fervid summer's noonday heats 
With the cool breath of cool Pacific seas." 

— Times- Courier. 



Kacts. 



'.\K.INtJ it all in all, iht-re are fe\\' places on the coast which offer better 
inducements to home-seekers than the Pomona \alley. There are many 
things to recommend it to prospective settlers. First, we have a chmate 
unexcelled anywhere on the face of the globe. We are just far enough from the 
coast, and sufficiently sheltered by surrounding hills to escape the severe sea 
breezes and heavy wind-storms which sometimes sweep over neighboring towns 
in less favored localities; the valley, too, has almost perfect immunity from heavy 
frost, so much so that the most delicate plants thrive the year round. The rain- 
fall is sufficient at all times to insure the healthful growth of all grain crops, and 
most fruits are cc|ually successful. The water supply for irrigating purposes, 
however, has proved more than adequate for all demands so far, with a large 
surplus to be diverted onto lands yet unimproved, and the work of developing 
more water is progressing rapidly and satisfactorily. In case of unusually severe 
rain-storms, such as visited us last winter, the slope of the valley is sufficient to 
prevent any accumulation of water, and the surplus is carried away, thus reliev- 
ing the settler of all fears of floods. The soil, while, of course, it is better 
adapted to the growth of some plants than others, is nevertheless capable of 
producing anything which will grow in any other portion of the State. Water 
for domestic purposes may be procured at a depth of twelve to thirty feet, and is 
remarkable for its purity and palatability. Our society is of the very best, 
and our town is well supplied with churches of all denoininations, and our valley 
with good schools and comfortable school buildings. Manufactories are spring- 
ing up in our midst as the population increases, and we now number some three 
or four. We have among us people who came here poor, both in purse and 
health, who now walk our streets a living proof of what our country will do for 
those who help themselves — financially well off and apparently in good bodily 
health. Others, of course, have not fared so well, but no one, w^ho is not al- 
ready beyond the reach of climatic influences, can fail to benefit in health by a 
residence here, if ordinary good care is taken to promote health; while the pos- 
sibilities of amassing a competency can be no better in any healthful locality. 
We claim for Pomona that it offers better inducements to all for comfortable 
homes — the rich, the poor, the sound man, and the invalid — than any other val- 
lev in the State. — limes- Courier . 



36 PojHona IUi4strattd and Described. 



Substantial Work:. 



Xhe h'on:iori£i Land and Water Connpanys 
En.terp rises. 



Wliat Tl-iey Have Done and WHat TlTtJv Are Still Uoing 
Kor Ponnona 



[From the Times-Cou7-ier.\ 

MBOUT two and a half j'ears ago the Pomona Land and Water Company 
was organized and began operations in the development of water and the 
manufacHire and putting down of pipe and flumes. An examination of the 
work which they have done shows ib.,t ihey have not bten idle, and that all 
work done by them is of the most substantial and lasting character. When the 
company began operations there were some diverse claims to the water of the 
San Antonio Caiion, the Chaffey Bros., who had then but recently purchased 
the lands upon which Ontario now stands, claiming the whole or a greater part 
of the natural flow of the caiion. One of the first acts of the company was ihe 
adjustment of the diverse claims, which was amicably donr, giving to each side 
(Pomona and Ontario) one-half of the natural flow. After the final settlement of 
the claim to the water of the caiion, the company began its work in earnesi, 
though quietly and unostentatiously, of developing the water supjily. There is 
now completed of the San Antonio Caiion system, f)ne mile of redwood flume o^ 
the most substantial kind, e.xtending from the division gate to the mouth of the 
canon. From thence to Indian hill, a distance of 3. 1316 miles, of si\tcen-inch 
concrete pipe; and thence to the line of the Loop and Meserve tract, two miles: 
and from thence a branch one-third of a mile to the line of the Loop and Kings' 
ley tract; all of which foots up about six and ttne-thirtl miles of pipe and flume, 
conveying the waters of the caiion. C)n the Pomona tract the main line of 
sixteen-inch cement pipe from the cienegas near San Jose point to the reservoir 
east of town, one and one-fourth miles, is completed; also one mile connecting 
the wells on the Hutchinson and the Lopez places with the main; of distributing 
pipe carrying the waters of the wells and cienegas above referred to, there 
are seven miles of eight and twelve-inch cement, and about two miles of seven- 
inch iron pipe, all of which form a net work of irrigating lines for the lands west- 
southwest, and south of town. The reservoir east of town, which was con- 
structed last summer, has a capacity of 6,000,000 gallons, and is now being 
ceniLnted. Several other reservoirs are to be built in the course of the year. 
There are three lines of fourlcen-inch cement jjipe ladiating from the reservoir, 
which, with the cross sections at intervals of a quarter of a mile, delivers the 
water at the up|ier corner of each twenty acre tract. This system e.Ntends two 
miles south of the reservoir. On the Martin tract, about three miles northeast of 
town, there are now eleven artesian wells. A twenty-four-inch main is now being 
laid through the cienei^a^ to the u])pcr line of the same, and seven-inch pipes 
connect each well with this main. Ihe connections are all made beneath the 



Pomona. 37 

surface of the ground, and the whole system is a solid net-work of pipe through 
\^ich flows a continuous stream of four hundred inches of water. The large 
main extends to tiie outer edge of the cienega and emjJties its entire volume of 
water into an immense concrete sand-hox. Hence extends in a southeasterly 
direction a large pi|>e, which receives in its course the waters of other wells and 
cienegas or springs. This line with its ramifications will furnish water for the 
northeast Pomona tract. Thus it will be seen that our vadey has, in great part, 
been bound together and encircled by a great system of pipe- lines, and thus has 
the fertile soil of our valley been supplied with an abundance of pure, delicious 
water, through a system the most perfect in the .Slate. It has been demonstratetl 
that water is abundant and the source inexhaustible. There arc no riparian 
rights to be adjusted, by the long, tedious, and expensive processes of the lasv. 
The company, in bringing the water system of our valley to its present satis- 
factory state and in the developments which it has so successfully prosecuted, has 
already expended about $200,000, and any man of experienced judgment, who 
informs himself as to what has been done, the magnitude of the work, the exten- 
sive area which it covers, anii the permanent, lasting character of all that has been 
done, will at once conclude that not one dollar of that amount has been misap- 
plied or sijuandered. And yet the work goes on in earnest and it is estimated 
that in the next two years $300,000 more will be expended. The company 
have put down twenty-eight wells, which send forth a steady and continuous 
volume of clear and pure water sufficient to irrigate several thousand acres. The 
village system embraces the main line of iron pipes from the artesian wells on the 
Fran:isco Palomares tract to Pomona, together with the branch lines, and sup- 
plies the town with water. It includes 3.742 miles of mains, of four, live, and 
six-inch iron pipe, and .673 miles of branch mains, making a total of 4.315 miles 
of pipe, through which the town is supplied with an abundance of pure and 
delicious water. 

Last year there were planted out in this valley 1,345 acres to fruit trees. This 
gives a total of 145,260 trees, allowing 108 frees to the acre, which is the average. 
Each tree at four years old ought to yield 100 pounds of fruit, at a low estimate, 
which will give us the enormous quantity of 14,526,000 pounds. At one cent 
per pound, which is probably one-half to one cent below what will be realized, 
the gross value reaches $145,260. Of grape vines, there were planted last year 
in this valley 828 acres. With proper care these vines ought to yield the fourth 
year seven tons to the acre, or a total tonage of 5,796, which, at $20.00 per ton 
—and the indications are that prices three years hence will rule higher— the gross 
value of the grape cro]) will be $115,920, making a grand total income from the 
orchards and vineyards planted last year alone of $261,180. .\nd still our peo- 
ple are planting more, and we are assured that a greater area will be put out this 
year than last. In addition to the year old orchards and vineyards, there are, 
probably, 200 acres each of old vines and trees, which will swell the grand 
aggregate of income to the fruit growers of this valley to something like $290,- 
000 three years hence. —Times-Courier, January, iSSj. 

We believe — no panic or calamity interposing — that in the next ten years it 
will be very difficult to buy any desirable lands with water, suitable for orange or 
raisin growing, in Southern California, for less than $1,000 per acre — A'ltra/ 
Californian. 



38 Pomona Illustrated afid Described. 



Profits of Kruit Growing. 



[From the rimes-Courier.\ 

ONE hundred to two hundred dollars per acre seems an enormous price to 
pay for fruit-land in semi tropic California. In order to demonstrate to ou"" 
Eastern friends that we do not sell them climate at so high a figure, but 
that the high price of land is a result of the large profits of fruit raising, we 
have been to some pains to prepare a statement of the cost of a ten-acre fruit 
farm up to the lime it comes into bearing. It is understood in all cases that a 
man who embarks in this business shall give it proper care and attention; in fact, 
that he devote his time to it as he would any other business. The cost of raw 
land we have placed at $150 per acre, which is about an average, according to 
location. In our estimates for a vineyard we have taken the Zinfandel and Berger 
grape, varieties which have been tested here, and which have proven highly 
satisfactory: — 

Ten acres of land @ $150 per acre $1,500 

Two plowings, leveling, etc., $5 per acre 50 

Cost of cuttings for to acres 50 

Planting, $5 per acre 50 

( "are for two years, $15 per acre 300 

Total cost till brought to bearing $1,950 

Crop third year, 5 tons to acre, @ $20 per ton $1,000 

Crop fourth year, 7 tons to acre, (g 20 per ton 1,400 

Crop fifth year, 10 tons per acre, (5) $20 per ton 2,000 

Total for three years $4,400 

Deduct cost of care for third, fourth, and fifth years, @ $15 per acre, $ 450 

Cost of land, vineyard, etc ',950 

Interest 2 years at 10 per cent 390 

$2,79° 

Nei profit five years $1,610 

This estimate supposes that all the work is hired. If a man is not afraid to 

take hold and do most of the work himself, which he can easily do, the expense 

accounts would be materially smaller. Prunes promise to be a most profitable 

fruit, and have proven themselves at home in our valley. 

Cost of ten acres <.f land, as given above $1,500 

Plowing, etc 50 

Cost of prune trees for ten acres 180 

Planting 50 

Care for 3 years, $15 per acre per year 460 

Cost of 10-acre prune orchard to time of bear'ng $',230 

The fourth year the account stands about thus: — 

Crop, 100 lbs. per tree and 108 trees per acre, ioB,ooo lbs., at 2 cts per lb. 

■ $2,160 

Fifth year, 150 lbs. per tree, 162,000 lbs., (g: 2 cts 3,240 

$5,400 

Deduct cost of orchard $2,230 

Interest on $2,230 for 3 years, 10 per cent 669 

$2,899 
Net profit for five years . $2,501 



Pomona. 39 

Other deciduous trees will show about the same roult. As we have stated, the 
expense account can be largely decreased if a man is willing to take hold and 
work. One horse will do all the cultivating. Thirty dollars will buy all the 
implements needed, and there need be no expense for hired help until the grapes 
or fruit are to be gathered, and enough potatoes and other vegetables can be 
raised on the land to furnish a living for the first few years. We believe it has 
been practically demonstrated that as a business proposition it is safe to pay the 
present or even higher prices for fruit land. There is no investment that will 
pay a better profit. There is no fear of over production, for, as year by year the 
yields of fruit become greater, prices have been upward, and more fixed and 
certain. 

Profits of Krtait Lanci. 



[FVom the Rural Cali/ornian.] 

'WO hundred and fifty dollars an acre seems enormous, but when we learn 
the profits of its culture, the other side of the cjuestion, the credit side, 
comes to view. The plantations of Navel oranges realized large profits, 
selling for $40.00 per thousand, or about $5.00 per box. The Cucamonga vine- 
yard reported $40,000 profits from 250 acres. The Chaffey Bro.>'. vine land 
turned out liyz tons of wine grapes to the acre. In other places the yield was 
about the same. A vineyard four years old yielded in raisins $215 per acre. 
When we look at these results we cannot wonder at the change from grain to 
fruit culture. A farm of 160 acres in grain requires several teams, with gang- 
plows, seeders, harrows, and headers; a great amount of hay and grain is con- 
sumed by the teams; the bills for threshing and sacking are enormous. Pbrty 
acres in grapes will show quite as large a yield. One horse can do the plowing; 
$20 00 will purchase all the implements; no help is required until the grapes are 
to be gathered, and there is no rush of men, no confusion, no destruction, no 
waste, no sparks from the engine or from some careless man's pipe sets fire to the 
vineyard, and spreads disaster around the country. Forty acres of grapes at a 
low rate, say five tons per acre, is 200 tons, worth $20.00 to $40.00 per ton, 
taking the lowest rate— $4,000 as the product of one man's labor. On the grav- 
elly plain, on the hill-side, on the rocky hill-top, everywhere except on the adobe 
or sticky soil, grapes will do well. Wherever sand or gravel predominates, grapes 
will flourish. 

An. Orange Grove. 



I From the Rural Cali/ornian. \ 
" Knowest thou the hind where the lemon tree.s bloom, 
Where the gold orange grows in the deep thicket'.s gloom, 
Where a wind ever soft from the bkie heavens blows, 
And the grov.:s are of laurel, and myrtle, and rose?'' 

'HERE is a fascination in the very name of ''an orange grove," and to the 
new-comer, who has made up his mind back in his old Eastern home to 
come to California, an orange grove is the dream of his fondest hopes. 
But for the reality: Instead of lying in the blue-grass under the evergreen foliage 
of the orange, lemon, and lime, with the fragrance of orange blossoms, or the 
golden spheres overhead, you will find the soil most thoroughly cultivated; not 
a blade of gra-s or a «ccd is allowed to grow. 



40 Pomona Illustrated and Described. 



Citrus fruits require a great deal more attention than any other fruit grown in 
Southern California, but in return are the most profitable. The following es- 
timates are essentially correct, and will give the reader an idea, at least, of the 
cost and possible profits: — 

COST. 

Ten acres orange land @ $150 $1,500 

Breaking and leveling same 100 

Bu Jded trees (750) 24x24 ft. @ $1 750 

Planting and irrigating 150 

Cultivation, irrigation and wrapping 100 

Second and third year's attention 300 

Fourth and fifth year's attention 400 

Taxes and incidentals 200 

Total $3,500 

This is the expense account. There will be some receipts. If good, budded 
trees are planted, the third year will give a little fruit; the fourth year still more, 
and at the end of the fifth year there will be quite a fine crop. Supposing the 
owner of the above orchard has done his own work, and also used the ground 
between the rows for other crops, the cost is materially reduced. It can safely 
be estimated — soil, location, and quality of trees being good — that at the end of 
five vears the orange crops will have paid for land and all expenses. The ulti- 
mate profits to l)e derived from orange culture are undoubtedly good, in many 
instances large, and, in a few, enormous. 

The ten acres above mentioned, if judiciously located, properly planted, cul- 
tivated, and attended, will, at the age of eight or ten years, yield a revenue of 
from $300 to $500 per acre, and after that an income of $5,000 can be safely 
counted on. It is fascinating, once in bearing; but toa many undertake to wait 
on mortgages until the golden fruit comes in, and, before that happy day comes, 
the wise man, who lives in the house that fools build, has collected his mortgage, 
and gathers in the crop. 

Peculiarities of the Country. 



^^OUTHliKN California is said to be very similar to Palestine in many re- 
i.fej spects, particularly in its scenery. It is certainly quite unlike the eastern 
part of the United States in almost everything thnt can be mentioned. 
There is a strange mingling of mountains and plains, hills and valleys, gardens 
and deserts, that is simply indescribable. 

The rivers have been facetiously termed by visitors " streams bottom side up,"' 
because their channels are to all appearance dry for a large pari of the year, even 
when their waters are not diverted for irrigating purposes; but goodly streams 
are usually flowing through the sand and gravel beneath these water courses. 

No other part of the country has so great a variety of soils and products, requir- 
ing special modes of treatment. The systems of irrigation, and the peculiarities 
of the wet and dry seasons, grently complicate the differences especially in al 
kinds of horticultural and agricultural pursuits. Farming has to be learned over 
again in Southern California. 



Pomona. ^i 

The countrj- not only differs greatly from other countries, but it has marked 
differences within itself. Los Angeles County alone — in which Pomona is situ- 
ated — has far more variety in soil and climate than is found in an area in the 
East many times as large. Its variety of products is larger than that of all the 
Slates bordering on the Atlantic, because it embraces the productions of both 
temperate and semi-tropic climates. 

.Settlements not more than five miles apart often differ widely in .soil, climate, 
water supply, class of people, or some other respect; and it perplexes the new- 
comer to learn that the products of these neighboring communities are, perhaps, 
as different as those of Illinois from Florida. More than this, there are differ- 
ences in the same neighborhood, even on the same farm. Although all Southern 
California has a mild and healthful climate, yet there is a great deal of variation 
in the climatic ronilition> of the various sections, sometimes in the radius of half 
a dozen miles. 

Owing to this peculiar combination of circumstances it is difficult to give a 
stranger a full and satisfactor}- account of the country'. Many inaccurate state- 
ments have been made by visitors after a superficial glance at the most prominent 
points of interest; and no one deplores this more than the residents. Whatever 
is published by the people of the country may be relied upon. There is no 
necessity for exaggeration where the truth is so all-sufficient. 

People who come here with settled habits of industry and economy, who are 
not afraid to make some sacrifices at first, perhaps undergo some hardship — 
though there is less of that than usual in new countries — may be reasonably cer- 
tain of future prosperity; and that in their own day, not deferred for the enjoy- 
ment of the generation coming after them. 

Geo. Rice, Esq., Secretary 
Southern California Immigration Association. 




42 



Pornofia Illustrated and Described. 



MONTHLY MEAN MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERA- 
TURE AT LOS ANGELES. 



January, 1883 
February, " 
March, " 
April, " . 

May, " . 

June, " 

July, " - 

August, " 
September, " 
October, " . 
Novembfir, " . 
December, " 
January, 1884. 
February, " . 
March, " - 
April, " . 

May, " . 

]une, " . 

July, ," . 

August, " . 
September, " 
October, '• . 
November. " 



3 2 
1-2 



53 
52 
56. 
57' 
62, 
68, 
69 
69. 

7i. 
61. 

59- 
56. 
53- 
55- 
54. 
57- 
61. 

65- 

70. 

71- 

65- 
62. 

59. 





H=- 


2 §■ 


"< 3 


s c 


3 = 


§2 


S 3 
a 


a 
a 


a 


82.0 


30.0 


82.0 


28.0 


84.0 


43-0 


89.0 


390 


lOO.O 


39-5 


100. 


52 


90.0 


52-5 


98.0 


50.0 


103.5 


53-0 


83.0 


43-0 


84.0- 


42.0 


80.0 


37-0 


78.0 


33-7 


81.0 


38.5 


72.5 


37-0 


80.0 


4I-5- 


79.0 


47.0 


98.0 


49-5 


99.0 


51-5 


IOI.5 


52-5 


92.5 


45-5 


89.1 


42.9 


88.0 


38-7 



RAI^^FALL. 

inches 24.78 

" 21.67 

" 26.47 

" 5-28 

" •. 21.26 

" I '-35 

" 20.34 

" -- 11303 

" 10.40 

" ■- 11-75 

" 38.24 



Season of 1873-74, 
Season of 1874-75, 
Season of 1875-76, 
Season of 1876-77, 
Season of 1877-78, 
Season of 1878 79, 
Season of 1879.80, 
Season of 1880 81, 
Season of 1881-82, 
Season of 1882 83, 
Season of 1883-84, 
.Season of 1884-85, to Dec. ist. 1.48 



|^orT)0r)Gi. iSos G/ir)ae I cs L-o., vSal., 

A town of about 1,500 inhabitants, contains fine and extensive Schools, many 
Churches, Railroad Depot, Express Office, Telegraph Office, Nurseries, I^nuber 
^'ards. Brick \'ards, CJrist Mill, Planing Mill, etc., all in operation. 

ARI.TNDANT WATER 
And Fine Irrigable Valley Land admirably adapted to all varieties of Domes- 
tic and Foreign Grapes, and all Semi-Tropic and Deciduous Fruits. 

Oranges, Lemons, and Limes flourish to the highest degree, free from all 
smut and scale. 

LARGE ORCHARDS 
Of Oranges, Lemons, Apricots, Peaches and Pears are in successful bearing. 
Some of the Vineyards bear ten tons of Grapes to the acre without irrigation. 
The land is divided into 

Forty-Acre Xracts, 

Each forty acres fronting two roads, thus being readily divisible into one twenty 
and two ten-acre tracts, with proper road front. The water supply from San An- 
tonio Canon, Artesian Wells and Cienegas, is abundant and being well developed; 
the water is unsurpassed in purity and softness, being the best water for domestic 
use in Southern California. 

THE TITLE 

To both Land and Water is unquestionable. The Water will be conducted by the 
Company through the tract in pipes, and supplied for irrigation in heads of from 
ten to eighty inches as desired. The land is generally level, sloping gently to the 
south, and is in quality a sandy loam, mixed more or less with gravel, being very 
similar to the San Gabriel soil for Oranges, and with limestone sufficient to give 
it the fine grape-producing qualities of the adjacent Cucamonga vineyard. 

THE C LI VI ATE 

Equals if it does not excel that of any other point in Southern California. The 
location is peculiarly exempt from dry or boisterous winds and frosts and is es- 
pecially adapted to those suffering from throat and lung diseases, or those in gen- 
erally delicate health. 

Tine SoiithierrL Pacific Railroad 

Passes through and along the Land for a distance of more than seven miles, and 
the greater part of the land is within less than two miles of the railroad. 

Riverside on the east, and Los Angeles on the west, are about equally distant. 
The tract comprises one of the most beautiful and prolific valleys in Cali- 
fornia, and has an average of 1,000 feet elevation above the sea level. 

All persons looking for Desirable Homes are invited to visit the tract, in- 
vestigate and invest. 

gS'Terms Favorable. Address, 

POMONA LAND AND WATER CO., 

Pomona, California. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




